HomeStory LibraryEntre o Original e a Cópia
B2 — Upper Intermediate·10 min read·work

Entre o Original e a Cópia

Uma perita de arte do Museu Nacional é chamada a distinguir um quadro autêntico de uma falsificação magistral — mas nem tudo é o que parece.

Theme verbdistinguirto distinguish

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Full Story — Portuguese with English Translation

Sofia Branco era a melhor perita de autenticação de arte de Portugal. Aos quarenta e seis anos, tinha trabalhado para os maiores museus europeus e os seus relatórios eram citados em tribunais de três países. A sua capacidade de distinguir um original de uma falsificação era quase lendária — dizia-se que bastava ver uma tela durante dois minutos para saber a verdade. Por isso, quando o director do Museu Nacional Soares dos Reis a chamou ao gabinete numa segunda-feira de manhã com a porta fechada, Sofia soube que algo grave se passava.

Sofia Branco was Portugal's finest art authentication expert. At forty-six, she had worked for the greatest European museums and her reports were cited in courts in three countries. Her ability to distinguish an original from a forgery was almost legendary — it was said she only needed to look at a canvas for two minutes to know the truth. So when the director of the Museu Nacional Soares dos Reis called her to his office on a Monday morning with the door closed, Sofia knew something serious was happening.

— Temos um problema com a Natureza Morta com Laranjas, de Josefa de Óbidos — disse o director, sem rodeios. — Uma perita externa levantou dúvidas sobre a autenticidade. Precisamos que distingua com certeza o original de uma possível falsificação antes que a imprensa saiba.

— We have a problem with the Still Life with Oranges by Josefa de Óbidos — said the director, without beating around the bush. — An external expert raised doubts about its authenticity. We need you to distinguish with certainty the original from a possible forgery before the press finds out.

Sofia examinou a tela durante três dias. Usou espectroscopia de infravermelhos, análise de pigmentos e radiografia de raios X. Mas o que mais a ajudava a distinguir o verdadeiro do falso era a intuição cultivada em décadas de trabalho: a forma como a tinta envelhecida se comporta sob luz rasante, a irregularidade imperceptível do traço de um pincel de seiscentos anos atrás. E algo estava errado. Não conseguia ainda distinguir exactamente o quê, mas havia uma perturbação subtil no quadro.

Sofia examined the canvas for three days. She used infrared spectroscopy, pigment analysis and X-ray radiography. But what most helped her to distinguish the real from the false was the intuition cultivated over decades of work: the way aged paint behaves under raking light, the imperceptible irregularity of a brushstroke from six hundred years ago. And something was wrong. She could not yet distinguish exactly what, but there was a subtle disturbance in the painting.

Na quarta noite, a trabalhar sozinha no laboratório após o fecho do museu, Sofia ouviu passos no corredor. Levantou os olhos da lupa e ficou quieta. Os passos pararam à porta e alguém tentou a fechadura. Sofia apagou a luz e esperou. Passados alguns minutos, os passos afastaram-se. Quando acendeu novamente, reparou que a janela de ventilação estava entreaberta de uma forma que não estava antes.

On the fourth night, working alone in the laboratory after the museum closed, Sofia heard footsteps in the corridor. She looked up from the magnifying glass and went still. The footsteps stopped at the door and someone tried the handle. Sofia switched off the light and waited. After a few minutes, the footsteps retreated. When she switched on the light again, she noticed that the ventilation window was slightly open in a way it had not been before.

Telefonou ao director nessa mesma noite.

She called the director that same night.

— Não consigo ainda distinguir com cem por cento de certeza — disse Sofia —, mas suspeito que a falsificação foi feita com materiais originais do século XVII. Isso é muito mais difícil de distinguir do que uma cópia moderna. Alguém sabia exactamente o que estava a fazer.

— I cannot yet distinguish with one hundred percent certainty — said Sofia —, but I suspect the forgery was made with original seventeenth-century materials. That is much more difficult to distinguish than a modern copy. Someone knew exactly what they were doing.

O director ficou em silêncio durante um momento.

The director was silent for a moment.

— Quanto tempo levaria a distinguir com certeza absoluta?

— How long would it take to distinguish with absolute certainty?

— Mais dois dias. Mas preciso de acesso ao arquivo de aquisições dos últimos trinta anos. Quero distinguir quem teve acesso a esta tela antes de entrar no museu.

— Two more days. But I need access to the acquisitions archive for the last thirty years. I want to distinguish who had access to this canvas before it entered the museum.

O arquivo revelou uma cadeia de custódia com uma lacuna de oito meses entre 1987 e 1988. A tela estivera num armazém privado enquanto as instalações do museu eram renovadas. Durante esse período, tinha sido transportada três vezes. Num dos transportes, a empresa responsável tinha subcontratado outra firma cuja licença Sofia não conseguia distinguir da de uma empresa que, descobriu depois, tinha sido constituída especificamente para esse trabalho e dissolvida seis meses depois.

The archive revealed a chain of custody with an eight-month gap between 1987 and 1988. The canvas had been in a private warehouse while the museum's facilities were being renovated. During that period, it had been transported three times. On one of the transports, the responsible company had subcontracted another firm whose licence Sofia could not distinguish from that of a company which, she discovered later, had been formed specifically for that job and dissolved six months afterwards.

No sexto dia, Sofia reuniu-se com o director e com o inspector da Polícia Judiciária que entretanto tinha sido chamado.

On the sixth day, Sofia met with the director and with the inspector from the Polícia Judiciária who had in the meantime been called in.

— Consigo agora distinguir com certeza — disse ela, depositando o relatório na mesa. — O quadro que está em exposição é uma falsificação excepcionalmente bem executada. O original foi substituído durante o transporte de 1988. A pessoa que o fez era uma especialista que sabia distinguir exactamente os pigmentos e técnicas que tornavam impossível a detecção por métodos convencionais. Só foi possível distingui-la através de uma microamostragem da camada de preparação.

— I can now distinguish with certainty — she said, placing the report on the table. — The painting on display is an exceptionally well-executed forgery. The original was replaced during the 1988 transport. The person who did it was a specialist who knew exactly how to distinguish the pigments and techniques that would make detection by conventional methods impossible. It was only possible to distinguish it through micro-sampling of the ground layer.

O inspector abriu o relatório e percorreu as páginas com atenção. Depois olhou para Sofia e disse:

The inspector opened the report and went through the pages attentively. Then he looked at Sofia and said:

— Sabe o que é mais perturbador nisto tudo? Que a cópia é tão boa que, durante trinta e seis anos, ninguém conseguiu distingui-la do original. Se não fosse o olho de Sofia Branco, ainda estaríamos a admirar uma mentira. — Fez uma pausa. — O que me leva a perguntar: a especialista que fez a falsificação... será que também a conhece, doutora Sofia?

— Do you know what is most disturbing about all of this? That the copy is so good that for thirty-six years, nobody was able to distinguish it from the original. Were it not for Sofia Branco's eye, we would still be admiring a lie. — He paused. — Which leads me to ask: the specialist who made the forgery... do you perhaps know her as well, Doctor Sofia?

Vocabulary Glossary

WordMeaning
distinguirto distinguish / to tell apart
distingoI distinguish (1st person singular present of distinguir)
distinguedistinguishes (3rd person singular present of distinguir)
distinguiadistinguished / used to distinguish (imperfect of distinguir)
distinguiramdistinguished (3rd plural preterite of distinguir)
distinguindodistinguishing (gerund of distinguir)
distinguir com certezato distinguish with certainty
peritaexpert (female) / specialist
autenticaçãoauthentication / verification of authenticity
arteart
museumuseum
museusmuseums (plural)
relatórioreport / written assessment
relatóriosreports (plural)
citado/citadacited / referenced
tribunalcourt of law
tribunaiscourts (plural)
capacidadeability / capacity
lendário/lendárialegendary
originaloriginal (the authentic work)
falsificaçãoforgery / fake / falsification
telacanvas / painting
directordirector / head (of institution)
gabineteoffice / private room
problemaproblem
natureza mortastill life (painting genre)
autenticidadeauthenticity
dúvidadoubt
dúvidasdoubts (plural)
levantar dúvidasto raise doubts / to cast doubt
imprensapress / media
sem rodeioswithout beating around the bush / directly
examinarto examine / to inspect
examinouexamined (3rd person singular preterite of examinar)
espectroscopia de infravermelhosinfrared spectroscopy
análise de pigmentospigment analysis
radiografia de raios XX-ray radiography
intuiçãointuition
cultivado/cultivadacultivated / developed over time
tintapaint / ink
envelhecido/envelhecidaaged / old
comportar-seto behave / to act
luz rasanteraking light (angled light for art examination)
irregularidadeirregularity
imperceptívelimperceptible / barely noticeable
traçostroke / line / mark
pincelpaintbrush
pinceladabrushstroke
perturbaçãodisturbance / unsettling element
subtilsubtle
sozinhaalone (feminine)
laboratóriolaboratory
fechoclosing / close of day
passofootstep / step
passosfootsteps (plural)
corredorcorridor / hallway
lupamagnifying glass
levantar os olhosto look up / to raise one's eyes
quieto/quietastill / motionless / quiet
fechaduradoor lock / door handle
apagarto switch off / to turn off (a light)
apagouswitched off (3rd person singular preterite of apagar)
esperouwaited (3rd person singular preterite of esperar)
afastar-seto move away / to retreat
afastaram-seretreated / moved away (preterite of afastar-se)
acenderto switch on / to turn on (a light)
acendeuswitched on (3rd person singular preterite of acender)
repararto notice / to realise
reparounoticed (3rd person singular preterite of reparar)
janela de ventilaçãoventilation window
entreaberto/entreabertaslightly open / ajar
suspeitarto suspect
suspeito/suspeitasuspected / suspicious
materialmaterial / substance
materiaismaterials (plural)
séculocentury
cópiacopy / replica
modernamodern
especialistaspecialist / expert
técnicatechnique
técnicastechniques (plural)
detecçãodetection
convencionaisconventional / standard
arquivoarchive / records
aquisiçãoacquisition (of an artwork)
aquisiçõesacquisitions (plural)
cadeia de custódiachain of custody
lacunagap / missing period in records
armazémwarehouse / storage facility
privado/privadaprivate
instalaçõesfacilities / premises
renovarto renovate / to refurbish
renovadasrenovated (past participle fem. plural of renovar)
transportarto transport / to move
transportetransport / transfer
empresacompany / firm
responsávelresponsible / in charge
subcontratarto subcontract
subcontratousubcontracted (preterite of subcontratar)
firmafirm / small company
licençalicence / permit
constituídaset up / established (past participle fem. of constituir)
constituirto set up / to establish (a company)
dissolvidadissolved / wound up (past participle fem.)
dissolverto dissolve / to wind up (a company)
inspectorinspector / detective
Polícia JudiciáriaCriminal Investigation Police (PJ)
entretantoin the meantime / meanwhile
em exposiçãoon display / on show
excepcionalmenteexceptionally
executado/executadaexecuted / carried out
substituído/substituídareplaced / substituted
substituirto replace / to substitute
microamostragemmicro-sampling
camada de preparaçãoground layer / priming layer (in a painting)
percorrerto go through / to look through carefully
percorreuwent through (3rd person singular preterite of percorrer)
atençãoattention / care
perturbador/perturbadoradisturbing / unsettling
admirarto admire / to look at with admiration
mentiralie / falsehood
pausapause
pigmentopigment / colouring agent
pigmentospigments (plural)
depositarto place / to set down
depositandoplacing / setting down (gerund of depositar)
talvezperhaps / maybe
conhecerto know (a person) / to be acquainted with
doutoraDoctor (formal address for a woman with a doctorate)
a seguirnext / after that
mais demore than
trinta e seis anosthirty-six years
duranteduring / for (a period of time)

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